alküül
Alküül (alkyl) on substituent in organic chemistry formed by removing one hydrogen atom from an alkane. The general formula is CnH2n+1 and it is commonly denoted as R–, indicating attachment to a larger molecule. Alküül groups are predominantly nonpolar hydrocarbon fragments and can be linear (n-alkyl) or branched. Common examples include methyl (CH3–), ethyl (C2H5–), propyl (C3H7–) and butyl (C4H9–).
The point of attachment defines the class: a primary alküül group is attached to the rest of
Cycloalkyl groups, derived from cycloalkanes, are closely related to alküül groups. Examples include cyclopentyl and cyclohexyl.
Nomenclature follows substitutive rules: alküül groups are named as substituents with the suffix -yl (methyl, ethyl,
Reactivity: alküül groups are relatively inert on their own but participate in reactions that form new carbon–carbon