alkolizm

Alkolizm, also known as alcohol use disorder, is a chronic relapsing brain disease characterized by compulsive alcohol seeking and use, despite harmful consequences. It is a complex condition influenced by genetic, psychological, and social factors. Individuals with alcohol use disorder may experience a loss of control over their drinking, withdrawal symptoms when they stop, and a persistent craving for alcohol.

The development of alcohol use disorder can be gradual. Initial use may be for social reasons or to cope with stress. Over time, tolerance can develop, meaning more alcohol is needed to achieve the same effect. As the disorder progresses, the individual's life can become increasingly dominated by alcohol, leading to problems in relationships, work, and health. Physical health consequences can include liver disease, heart problems, and neurological damage. Mental health issues such as depression and anxiety are also common.

Treatment for alcohol use disorder typically involves a combination of medical, psychological, and social support. Medical interventions may include detoxification to manage withdrawal symptoms and medications to reduce cravings or prevent relapse. Psychotherapy, such as cognitive behavioral therapy and motivational enhancement therapy, helps individuals understand their triggers, develop coping strategies, and build a support network. Support groups like Alcoholics Anonymous also play a crucial role in recovery for many. Recovery is a long-term process that often requires ongoing support and commitment.