alkolik

Alkolik is a term used in several languages to describe a person who regularly consumes alcohol in a problematic way or who is affected by sustained heavy drinking. In clinical terminology, it often corresponds to an alcohol use disorder, a medical condition characterized by impaired control over drinking, a craving for alcohol, and continued use despite adverse consequences. The exact meaning of alkolik can vary by language and context, and some speakers distinguish between casual heavy drinking and a medically defined disorder. The word is sometimes considered stigmatizing when applied to individuals.

In medical diagnosis, alcohol use disorder is defined by a pattern of alcohol use leading to significant impairment or distress, with criteria including strong cravings, inability to cut down, withdrawal symptoms, tolerance, neglect of responsibilities, and continued use despite health or social problems. The DSM-5 uses a single continuum (mild, moderate, severe) based on the number of criteria met.

Treatment and recovery approaches include evidence-based strategies such as motivational interviewing, behavioral therapies, and pharmacotherapy (naltrexone, acamprosate, disulfiram) to support abstinence or controlled drinking. Rehabilitation may involve medical detoxification for withdrawal, counseling, and social support networks.

Public health perspectives emphasize prevention, screening, and early intervention, given the potential comorbidity with mental health conditions and physical illnesses such as liver disease. The term alkolik thus largely functions as a lay term for alcohol-related problems, with clinically precise language preferred in medical contexts.