alaptörvény

Alaptörvény is the fundamental law and constitutional framework of Hungary, established as the country's supreme legal document. The current version, known as the Hungarian Constitution, was adopted on April 18, 2011, and came into force on January 1, 2012. It replaced the previous constitution enacted in 1949 and reflects modern Hungarian legal and political principles.

The Alaptörvény outlines the structure of the Hungarian state, defining the roles and powers of the legislative, executive, and judicial branches. It enshrines fundamental rights and freedoms for individuals, including rights related to equality, freedom of speech, and property. The document also emphasizes the importance of national sovereignty, democracy, and the rule of law.

The constitution establishes Hungary as a parliamentary republic with a bicameral National Assembly and a president serving as the head of state. It details the processes for legislative enactment, amendments, and the functioning of governmental institutions. The Alaptörvény also addresses issues such as national identity, the role of religion, and the protection of cultural heritage.

Amendments to the Alaptörvény require a higher legislative majority, ensuring stability and continuity in Hungary’s constitutional order. The document is intended to serve as a guarantee of the rule of law and democratic governance, providing a legal foundation for all other laws and policies in Hungary.

The development and adoption of the Alaptörvény were part of Hungary’s broader political transition following the end of socialist rule, aiming to establish a modern, democratic legal framework aligned with European standards.