akkuvapaa
Akkuvapaa is a Finnish term that literally translates as "battery-free" and is used to describe devices, systems and design approaches that operate without disposable or rechargeable electrochemical batteries. The concept spans products that rely on alternative power methods such as direct mains or wired supply, mechanical energy (springs, hand-cranks), photovoltaic cells, energy-harvesting technologies (piezoelectric, thermoelectric, RF harvesting), supercapacitors for brief buffering, and passive systems like RFID and NFC tags.
As a design goal, akkuvapaa emphasizes reduced reliance on replaceable batteries to lower environmental impact, simplify
Limitations of akkuvapaa approaches include lower and intermittent power availability, constraints on duty cycle and performance,