ainemahu

Ainemahu is a term found in Hawaiian language and ethnographic literature, used to refer to a mahu—a person who embodies both masculine and feminine gender qualities or a range of gender identities recognized in traditional Hawaiian culture. In some sources, ainemahu designates a specific legendary figure within Hawaiian oral histories; in others it is used descriptively for mahu individuals. The exact usage varies by source.

Historical context: In traditional Hawaii, mahu were acknowledged in social and religious life; they could hold roles such as healers, navigators, dancers, or priests, and their gender expression was integrated into community life. Colonial contact and Western norms contributed to changes in the visibility and social status of mahu, though contemporary Hawaiian communities continue to recognize mahu as an accepted part of cultural diversity.

Etymology and scholarship: The term's spelling and interpretation vary; ainemahu is one transliteration among others for the same indigenous concept. Modern scholarship often situates ainemahu within broader debates about gender, sexuality, and indigenous knowledge in Hawaii. As with many historical terms, interpretations differ across sources and time periods.

It is discussed in works on māhū and Hawaiian gender diversity.