adulte

Adulte is a term used in French to denote a person who has reached full growth and legal maturity. The word derives from Latin adultus, meaning grown or matured. In common usage, an adulte is someone who is considered responsible for their own actions and capable of entering into contracts, voting, and making major life decisions in many legal systems, although the exact rights and duties vary by jurisdiction.

Legally, the concept of the adult is closely tied to the age of majority. Most countries set this age at 18, but some place it at 21, and others differentiate by specific rights such as drinking, driving, or marriage. The transition from minor to adulte often brings new entitlements and obligations, including the ability to sign contracts, be accountable under criminal law, and participate fully in civic life.

Emancipation is a pathway by which a person under 18 may acquire adult status before reaching the usual age of majority. Emancipation can result from court action, marriage, or military service in some jurisdictions, and it grants many, though not always all, adult rights and responsibilities.

Biologically and developmentally, maturation continues through adolescence and into the early twenties. While physical growth may be complete, cognitive and social maturation—such as impulse control, planning, and independent decision-making—often progresses beyond adolescence, influencing contemporary notions of adulthood.

Cultural expectations of adulthood vary widely. Rites of passage, economic independence, family responsibilities, and shifts in gender norms can shape how adulthood is defined and experienced in different societies.