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Ad hoc testing is a software testing method that involves testing without any prior planning or documentation. It is performed on demand and typically relies on the tester's intuition and experience to identify potential defects. The term "ad hoc" is Latin for "for this purpose," reflecting the spontaneous and unstructured nature of this testing approach.

This type of testing is often employed when time is limited or when exploring new features where formal test cases might not yet exist. Testers using ad hoc methods may randomly try different inputs, explore different paths through the software, or try to break the system in unexpected ways. The goal is to uncover issues that might be missed by more systematic testing.

While ad hoc testing can be effective in finding bugs quickly, it has limitations. Its effectiveness is highly dependent on the skill and creativity of the tester. Without a structured approach, it can be difficult to ensure adequate test coverage, and the process may not be repeatable or easily documented. Therefore, ad hoc testing is often used as a complementary technique alongside other, more formal testing methodologies, rather than as a standalone strategy. It can be particularly useful in the early stages of development or for exploratory testing to gain a better understanding of the software's behavior.