acyclinen

Acyclovir is an antiviral medication used to treat infections caused by certain viruses, primarily herpes simplex virus (HSV) and varicella zoster virus (VZV). These viruses cause conditions such as cold sores, genital herpes, chickenpox, and shingles. Acyclovir works by inhibiting viral DNA replication. It is a guanosine analog that, once activated by viral enzymes, gets incorporated into the viral DNA chain, causing premature termination of DNA synthesis.

The drug is available in various formulations, including oral tablets, capsules, and suspensions, as well as topical creams and intravenous injections. The choice of formulation and dosage depends on the type and severity of the infection, as well as the patient's age and kidney function. Acyclovir is generally well-tolerated, but common side effects can include nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, headache, and dizziness. More serious side effects are rare but can include kidney problems and neurological symptoms.

Acyclovir is a prodrug, meaning it is converted into its active form within the body. This activation process is more efficient in cells infected by viruses, which contributes to its selective action against viral replication and relatively low toxicity to uninfected host cells. It is not a cure for herpes infections, but it can significantly reduce the duration and severity of outbreaks, as well as prevent recurrent episodes. Long-term suppressive therapy may be recommended for individuals with frequent or severe outbreaks.