abrasão

Abrasion is the wearing away of superficial tissue or material by friction, scratching, or rubbing. In medical terminology, it refers to a superficial wound that affects the epidermis or deeper layers of the skin without penetrating the dermis deeply. Common causes of cutaneous abrasion include falls on rough surfaces, contact with abrasive objects, or repetitive friction such as from prosthetic devices. The lesion typically appears as a red, raw area that may be painful and bleed minimally. Secondary complications can include infection if the wound is not properly cleaned and cared for. Treatment involves cleaning the wound with mild soap and water, removing debris, and applying a sterile dressing. In some cases, topical antibiotics may be used to prevent bacterial growth. For dental abrasion, the condition results from mechanical forces such as aggressive brushing, use of percussion instruments, or parafunctional habits like bruxism, which wear down enamel and sometimes dentin. Prevention strategies for dental abrasion include using soft-bristled brushes, choosing non-abrasive toothpaste, avoiding excessive force, and managing habits that contribute to erosion. In industrial contexts, abrasion refers to the process of removing material from a surface through relative motion with a resistant material. Abrasive materials like sand, grit, or ceramic particles are often used in processes such as grinding, sandblasting, or polishing. Proper selection of abrasive type, particle size, and medium plays a critical role in achieving desired surface finishes while controlling wear rates and preventing excessive heat generation. Adequate protective equipment, such as goggles and gloves, is essential to mitigate the risk of injury from cutting particles.