abondances

Abondances is the plural form of the French noun abondance, meaning an ample amount or the state of being abundant. In French, abondances is used to refer to multiple instances or measures of abundance, and it appears in both everyday language and technical writing. In English-language disciplines, the cognate term abundances is used as the plural of abundance.

In ecology and biology, abondances refers to the number of individuals of a given species in a defined area or volume. Researchers distinguish absolute abundance (the total count) from relative abundance (the proportion of individuals of a species within a community). Abundance data are central to measures of community structure, diversity, and evenness, and they inform conservation and ecosystem management.

In chemistry, geology, and astronomy, abondances describes the relative proportions of elements or isotopes in a material or celestial object. Elemental abundances are reported as percentages or parts per million, while isotopic abundances indicate the distribution of isotopes. In cosmology and planetary science, cosmic or solar abundances summarize how common each element is in the universe or in the solar system, guiding theories of nucleosynthesis and planetary formation.

In data analysis and genomics, abondances (often called abundances in English) describe the frequency or concentration of categories, genes, transcripts, or microbial taxa within a sample. Relative abundances are frequently used to compare composition across conditions or time.

Etymology traces abondances to the French abondance, from Latin abundantia, reflecting the broader concept of plentitude that spans多个 disciplines.