abhyanga

Abhyanga is a traditional Ayurvedic practice that involves a full-body massage using warm oil, aimed at nourishing the skin, calming the nervous system, and balancing the body's doshas. The term is derived from Sanskrit, with abhy- meaning toward and angā meaning limb, reflecting its focus on treating the body as a whole. It is commonly incorporated into daily routines (dinacharya) and seasonal regimens in Ayurveda.

In practice, abhyanga is performed by a practitioner or by the individual themselves, using long, smooth strokes and gentle circular motions. Oils are warmed to near body temperature and applied generously to the skin. Common carrier oils include sesame and coconut, while medicated oils may be selected to suit the person’s constitution (prakriti) and current imbalance (vikriti). Abhyanga can be full-body or targeted to specific areas such as the head, face, or joints, and is often followed by a warm bath. Sessions typically last from 15 to 60 minutes and may be part of a broader cleansing or wellness protocol.

Benefits attributed to abhyanga in Ayurvedic tradition include improved circulation and lymphatic flow, nourished skin and tissues, reduced muscle stiffness, enhanced relaxation, better sleep, and a sense of overall grounding. Modern interest has explored potential improvements in skin hydration, stress reduction, and pain relief, though robust clinical evidence remains limited.

Variants and related practices include Kshirā Abhyanga (milk-based oil massage) and the use of herbal oils customized to balance the doshas. In Panchakarma, abhyanga is often used as an external oleation step preceding internal cleansing. Safety considerations include avoiding the practice on damaged skin, during fever or active infection, and seeking professional guidance during pregnancy or if skin conditions are present.

See also: Ayurveda, Panchakarma, Snehana.