Zündzeitpunktregelung

Zündzeitpunktregelung, also known as ignition timing control, is a crucial process in internal combustion engines. It refers to the precise timing of the spark plug firing within the cylinder. This timing is not fixed but is dynamically adjusted by the engine control unit (ECU) to optimize engine performance, fuel efficiency, and emissions. The ideal moment for the spark to occur depends on various factors, including engine speed (RPM), engine load, intake air temperature, and coolant temperature.

The ECU receives data from various sensors, such as the crankshaft position sensor, camshaft position sensor, and knock sensor. Based on these inputs and pre-programmed maps, the ECU calculates the optimal ignition timing. Advancing the ignition timing, meaning the spark occurs earlier in the compression stroke, can increase power and efficiency under certain conditions. However, if advanced too far, it can lead to engine knock or detonation, which is a harmful uncontrolled combustion. Retarding the ignition timing, conversely, can reduce emissions, particularly NOx, and prevent knock under high load or high temperatures.

Modern vehicles employ sophisticated electronic ignition systems that allow for highly precise and rapid adjustments to the zündzeitpunkt. This continuous regulation ensures the engine operates at its peak efficiency and within emission standards across a wide range of operating conditions. The goal is to achieve complete combustion of the air-fuel mixture at the most opportune moment in the combustion cycle, maximizing the pressure generated to push the piston down.