Zygomatic

Zygomatic is an anatomical term referring to features related to the zygomatic bone, the paired bone that forms the cheek and part of the orbit. The zygomatic bone, also known as the malar bone, is a prominent facial structure that contributes to facial contour and the lateral orbital wall.

Anatomically, the zygomatic bone consists of a body and several processes: the frontal (superior) process that articulates with the zygomatic process of the frontal bone, the temporal process that forms part of the zygomatic arch with the temporal bone, and the maxillary (inferomedial) process that articulates with the maxilla. The orbital surface contributes to the floor and lateral wall of the orbit. The zygomatic arch, formed by the connection between the zygomatic and temporal bones, is a well-known facial landmark.

Two facial muscles originate from the zygomatic region: the zygomaticus major and zygomaticus minor. These muscles extend from the zygomatic bone to the mouth and upper lip, elevating the corners of the mouth during smiling and contributing to facial expression.

Clinically, the zygomatic region is frequently affected by trauma. Isolated zygomatic fractures or zygomaticomaxillary complex fractures (often called tripod fractures) can occur in facial injuries. These injuries may affect facial aesthetics, the infraorbital nerve, or ocular alignment. Diagnosis typically relies on physical examination and imaging, such as CT or radiographs, to assess fracture extent and orbital involvement.

Etymology: The term derives from Greek zygōma, meaning “yoke,” reflecting the cheekbone’s location and shape.