Zayanderud

Zayanderud, also transliterated as Zayanderud or Zayandehrood, is a major river in central Iran. It originates in the Zagros Mountains and flows southeast through Isfahan Province, passing the city of Isfahan before emptying into the Gavkhouni swamp near Varzaneh. The river’s course and seasonal flow depend on winter rains and snowmelt, and it has long been a key water source for the region.

Historically, the Zayanderud has supported agriculture, drinking water, and urban life in Isfahan. Its banks were lined with gardens and orchards, and the river is closely associated with several historic bridges in Isfahan, such as the Si-o-se-pol and the Khaju Bridge, which echo the city’s architectural and cultural heritage.

In the modern era, the river’s flow has been substantially altered by dam construction and irrigation needs. A number of dams along its course regulate water supply, but increased water extraction and drought have led to reduced and highly variable flows in recent decades. The lower reach often experiences seasonal drying, raising environmental concerns about habitat loss, pollution, and the health of the Gavkhouni swamp ecosystem, which relies on freshwater inflows from the river.

Today the Zayanderud remains central to Isfahan’s identity and to regional water management discussions. Efforts and policies aimed at restoring more natural flow patterns, improving water quality, and preserving cultural heritage along the river continue to receive attention from national and local authorities.