ZIFT

Zygote intrafallopian transfer (ZIFT) is a form of assisted reproductive technology in which fertilization occurs outside the body and the resulting zygotes are placed into the fallopian tubes to achieve implantation. Unlike conventional IVF, where embryos are transferred directly to the uterus, ZIFT places fertilized zygotes into the fallopian tube, allowing natural movement to the uterus.

In ZIFT, ovarian stimulation is used to produce multiple oocytes. Eggs are retrieved and fertilized in vitro to form zygotes. A laparoscopic procedure places one or more zygotes into the fimbrial end of the fallopian tube. The zygotes then travel to the uterus where implantation may occur. The technique is invasive and requires surgical or anesthesia support. ZIFT is often discussed in relation to GIFT (gamete intrafallopian transfer), but ZIFT differs in that fertilization happens outside the body rather than inside the tube.

Historically, ZIFT was used for various infertility indications, including tubal factor infertility and some cases of male factor infertility. However, with advances in IVF and embryo transfer techniques, ZIFT has become relatively uncommon. Modern IVF with embryo transfer generally offers higher success rates and greater flexibility, contributing to the decline of ZIFT in routine practice.

Risks associated with ZIFT include those inherent to laparoscopic surgery and anesthesia, such as infection or bleeding, as well as the risk of ectopic pregnancy due to placement of the zygote in the fallopian tube, ovarian stimulation side effects, and the possibility of multiple gestations.