Ylähengitystieinfektioihin

Ylähengitystieinfektioihin, commonly known as upper respiratory tract infections, are illnesses affecting the nose, throat, sinuses, and larynx. They are primarily caused by viruses, though bacteria can also be a contributing factor. The most frequent type of upper respiratory tract infection is the common cold, but other examples include influenza, pharyngitis (sore throat), laryngitis (inflammation of the voice box), and sinusitis (sinus infection).

Symptoms can vary depending on the specific infection and the individual, but often include a runny or stuffy nose, sneezing, sore throat, cough, and mild fever. More severe infections like influenza may present with higher fever, body aches, and fatigue. Transmission typically occurs through airborne droplets produced when an infected person coughs, sneezes, or talks, or by touching contaminated surfaces and then touching one's own face.

Diagnosis is usually based on symptoms and a physical examination. Treatment for most viral upper respiratory tract infections is supportive, focusing on symptom relief. This can involve rest, adequate hydration, and over-the-counter medications for pain and fever. Antibiotics are not effective against viral infections and are only prescribed if a bacterial infection is suspected. Prevention strategies include frequent handwashing, avoiding close contact with sick individuals, and covering coughs and sneezes. Vaccination against influenza is also an important preventive measure. Most upper respiratory tract infections resolve on their own within a week or two.