YangMillsteori
Yang-Mills theory is a class of gauge theories that describe interactions through non-Abelian gauge fields and generalize Maxwell's electromagnetism. Developed by Chen-Ning Yang and Robert Mills in 1954, it provides a mathematical framework for describing fundamental forces in terms of gauge symmetry with non-commuting group generators.
The theory is built from a gauge group G with gauge fields A_μ = A_μ^a T^a, where T^a
Quantum mechanically, non-Abelian Yang-Mills theories are renormalizable in four dimensions and exhibit asymptotic freedom, meaning interactions
Topological configurations, such as instantons, and terms like the theta term enrich the theory's vacuum structure.