Yadavs

Yadavs, also known as Ahirs in many regions, are a North Indian social group with historical roots in cattle herding and agriculture. The name Yadav is traditionally linked to the mythological Yadu, and the community comprises several sub-groups and lineages that identify with the Yadava clan, including the Ahirs. In different states the group is variably classified; in most Indian states they are recognized as an Other Backward Class (OBC) for purposes of affirmative action, though some sub-groups claim Kshatriya status or trace their origin to ancient warrior lineages. The identity is therefore complex and varies by region.

Geographically, Yadavs are concentrated in Uttar Pradesh and Bihar, with large populations also in Haryana, Rajasthan, Madhya Pradesh and parts of Uttarakhand and Maharashtra. Historically associated with cattle herding, dairy production and allied agriculture, many Yadavs continue in farming, while others have diversified into trades, services and urban occupations.

In modern politics, Yadavs have played a prominent role in several northern states. The community has produced major political leaders and has been a key vote bank in states like Uttar Pradesh and Bihar. Notable figures include Mulayam Singh Yadav, founder of the Samajwadi Party and former Chief Minister of Uttar Pradesh; Lalu Prasad Yadav, founder of the Rashtriya Janata Dal and former Chief Minister of Bihar; Rabri Devi, former Chief Minister of Bihar; and Tejashwi Yadav, a political leader associated with the RJD. The Yadav identity remains important in social and political discourse, intersecting with regional dynamics and reform movements.