Xantofylliinejä

Xantofylliinejä, also known as xanthophylls, are a class of naturally occurring pigments belonging to the carotenoid family. They are widely distributed in plants, algae, and photosynthetic bacteria, contributing to their vibrant yellow, orange, and red colors. Unlike carotenes, xanthophylls contain oxygen atoms in their molecular structure, typically in the form of hydroxyl or epoxide groups.

The most common xanthophylls include lutein, zeaxanthin, astaxanthin, and canthaxanthin. Lutein and zeaxanthin are particularly abundant in green leafy vegetables, corn, and egg yolks. They play a crucial role in vision, accumulating in the macula of the eye and acting as antioxidants, protecting against light-induced damage and reducing the risk of age-related macular degeneration.

Astaxanthin, known for its potent antioxidant properties, is found in salmon, shrimp, and krill, giving them their characteristic pinkish-red hue. It has been studied for its potential anti-inflammatory and cardiovascular benefits. Canthaxanthin is used as a food coloring agent and to promote tanning in some cosmetic applications.

Xanthophylls are synthesized by plants and microorganisms through a complex biosynthetic pathway. Humans and animals cannot synthesize these compounds and must obtain them through their diet. Their antioxidant capabilities stem from their ability to scavenge free radicals, thus protecting cells from oxidative stress.