canthaxanthin

Canthaxanthin is a naturally occurring carotenoid pigment found in some algae, fungi, and crustaceans. It is a bright red-orange color and is chemically known as a diketone of beta-carotene. Commercially, canthaxanthin is synthesized and is widely used as a food colorant and in dietary supplements. Its primary function as a colorant is to impart a pink to reddish hue in various food products, including processed meats, confectionery, and beverages. It is also employed in animal feed, particularly for poultry and salmon, to enhance the coloration of egg yolks and the flesh of fish.

In humans, canthaxanthin is sometimes used in tanning pills and supplements to provide a skin-darkening effect. However, this application can lead to a condition known as canthaxanthin retinopathy if consumed in very high doses, characterized by the deposition of the pigment crystals in the retina. The safety of canthaxanthin as a food additive has been evaluated by various regulatory bodies worldwide, with acceptable daily intake levels established. Its use is regulated to ensure consumer safety, and its presence in food products is typically indicated by its E number, E161g.