Winterzwischenfrüchte

Winterzwischenfrüchte, also known as winter cover crops, are plants grown during the off-season, typically between main crop harvests. They are planted in the autumn and remain in the field throughout winter, providing various benefits to the soil and agricultural system. The primary purpose of winterzwischenfrüchte is to protect the soil from erosion during periods of bareness, especially in regions with winter rainfall or winds. Their root systems help to stabilize the soil, while their above-ground biomass acts as a mulch, preventing the topsoil from being washed or blown away.

Beyond erosion control, these crops contribute to improving soil fertility. As they grow, they can fix atmospheric nitrogen if legumes are included in the mix. When they decompose, they release nutrients back into the soil, enriching it for the subsequent cash crop. They also add organic matter, which enhances soil structure, water retention, and microbial activity. Furthermore, winterzwischenfrüchte can help suppress weeds by outcompeting them for light, water, and nutrients, and by providing a physical barrier. Some species can also help break up compacted soil layers with their deep root systems.

The selection of specific winterzwischenfrüchte species depends on factors such as climate, soil type, and the intended benefits. Common examples include rye, vetch, clover, and radishes. The timing of sowing and termination is crucial to ensure the cover crop fulfills its purpose without negatively impacting the following cash crop. This often involves careful management of when the cover crop is terminated, either by tilling it into the soil, roller-crimping, or allowing it to winterkill naturally in colder climates.