Winkelglaukom

Winkelglaukom, also known as angle-closure glaucoma, is a type of glaucoma characterized by a sudden or gradual increase in intraocular pressure (IOP) due to the blockage of the drainage angle in the eye. This blockage prevents aqueous humor, the fluid within the eye, from draining properly, leading to pressure buildup that can damage the optic nerve and result in vision loss if untreated.

The condition typically occurs when the iris (the colored part of the eye) is too close to the drainage angle, either due to its natural shape or because of dilation. In some cases, Winkelglaukom can develop suddenly (acute angle-closure glaucoma), causing severe symptoms such as sudden eye pain, nausea, vomiting, blurred vision, and a red or cloudy appearance of the eye. Chronic angle-closure glaucoma, on the other hand, may progress slowly with minimal or no symptoms until significant vision loss occurs.

Risk factors for Winkelglaukom include a history of farsightedness (hyperopia), a family history of glaucoma, being of Asian descent, or having small corneal diameters. Age is also a contributing factor, as the eye tends to become less elastic over time, increasing the likelihood of angle closure. Additionally, certain medications, such as anticholinergics or decongestants, can dilate the pupil and worsen the condition.

Diagnosis involves a comprehensive eye examination, including tonometry to measure IOP, gonioscopy to assess the drainage angle, and visual field testing to evaluate optic nerve damage. Treatment options depend on the severity and progression of the disease. Acute cases often require immediate medical intervention, such as laser iridotomy (creating a small hole in the iris to improve fluid drainage) or surgical procedures. Chronic cases may be managed with medications to reduce IOP, such as beta-blockers, prostaglandin analogs, or carbonic anhydrase inhibitors. Regular monitoring and early intervention are crucial to prevent irreversible vision loss.