Whitewashing

Whitewashing is a term with several related meanings. Literally, it refers to the application of whitewash—a lime-based paint or plaster—on surfaces such as walls, fences, or barns. Historically used for cheap, breathable protective coating, whitewash is easy to apply and can brighten a surface while concealing imperfections. In this sense, whitewashing remains common in agricultural and rural architecture, and in some urban settings.

Metaphorically, whitewashing describes the act of presenting something in a more favorable, sanitized, or racially homogeneous light than is warranted. In media and popular culture, the term is widely used to criticize casting choices that favor white actors in roles originating from non-white cultures, or the erasure of non-white authors, stories, or histories. The practice has been linked to reputational harm, inequity in opportunities for performers of color, and criticism of historical narratives that omit or minimize oppression.

In historiography, journalism, and public relations, whitewashing denotes efforts to downplay or conceal harmful actions, injustices, or controversial aspects of individuals, governments, or institutions. Critics argue that whitewashing distorts truth and impedes accountability; proponents may claim a focus on unity or palatability or a strategic communication approach.

Response to whitewashing includes advocacy for diverse casting, inclusive storytelling, and transparent historical documentation, as well as architectural practices that preserve authenticity rather than masking deterioration. The term is used across disciplines to describe both literal products and broader social practices.