Wheelspokes

A wheel spoke is a structural component connecting the hub of a wheel to its rim. Historically, spokes have been made from wood, metal, or other strong materials, and are arranged radially or at an angle to provide support and transfer force. The number and arrangement of spokes can vary significantly depending on the intended use and aesthetic of the wheel. In early chariots and wagons, wooden spokes were common, offering a balance of strength and relative ease of manufacturing. As technology advanced, metal spokes, particularly those made of steel, became prevalent, offering greater durability and the ability to withstand higher stresses.

Modern bicycle wheels often feature a relatively large number of thin metal spokes, typically made of steel, aluminum, or titanium. These spokes are tensioned to a precise degree, which is crucial for the wheel's structural integrity and ability to absorb impacts. The tension allows the rim to resist deformation under load and to return to its original shape. The spokes also play a role in transferring torque from the hub to the rim during acceleration and from the rim back to the hub during braking. The design and lacing pattern of spokes on a bicycle wheel can also influence its aerodynamics and weight. In automotive wheels, spokes are often integrated into a solid disc or cast design, though some high-performance or custom wheels may still feature visible, separate spokes. The number and style of spokes in car wheels are largely driven by aesthetics and engineering requirements for strength and weight.