Waldenstroms

Waldenstrom macroglobulinemia is a rare, slow-growing type of non-Hodgkin lymphoma. It originates in the bone marrow and is characterized by the overproduction of abnormal white blood cells called lymphocytes. These abnormal lymphocytes, specifically B-cells, produce a large amount of an abnormal protein called IgM. This excess IgM can thicken the blood, a condition known as hyperviscosity syndrome, leading to various symptoms.

The exact cause of Waldenstrom macroglobulinemia is unknown, but it is thought to involve genetic mutations. It is more common in older adults, typically over the age of 60, and is slightly more prevalent in men. Symptoms can be varied and may include fatigue, weakness, anemia, enlarged lymph nodes and spleen, and bleeding problems such as nosebleeds or bruising. Neurological symptoms can also occur due to the thickened blood affecting the brain.

Diagnosis often involves blood tests to measure IgM levels and check for anemia, a bone marrow biopsy to examine the abnormal cells, and imaging studies to assess lymph nodes and organs. Treatment approaches depend on the presence and severity of symptoms. For asymptomatic or mildly symptomatic individuals, a "watch and wait" approach may be used. For those with more significant symptoms, treatments may include chemotherapy, targeted therapy, and plasmapheresis to remove excess IgM from the blood. Stem cell transplantation is another option in certain cases. The prognosis for Waldenstrom macroglobulinemia varies greatly depending on individual factors and treatment response.