Väljendusvabadus

Väljendusvabadus, meaning freedom of expression, is a fundamental human right recognized in international law and most democratic constitutions. It encompasses the right to hold opinions without interference and to seek, receive, and impart information and ideas through any media and regardless of frontiers. This freedom is crucial for the functioning of a democratic society, allowing for open debate, criticism of government, and the exchange of diverse viewpoints.

While generally broad, the right to freedom of expression is not absolute. Most legal systems recognize certain limitations that can be imposed to protect other rights and interests, such as national security, public order, public health, or morals, and the rights and reputations of others. These limitations must be prescribed by law and be necessary in a democratic society. Examples of restrictions might include incitement to violence, defamation, hate speech, or the disclosure of state secrets.

The interpretation and application of väljendusvabadus can vary across different countries and legal traditions. Debates often arise concerning the boundaries between protected speech and harmful expression, particularly in the digital age with the rise of social media and the rapid spread of information and misinformation. Protecting free speech while mitigating its potential harms remains a continuous challenge for societies worldwide.