Voutavg
Voutavg, or average output voltage, denotes the mean voltage presented at the output node of an electronic circuit over time. For a periodic signal vout(t) with period T, the average value is Voutavg = (1/T) ∫0^T vout(t) dt. In practice this value often corresponds to the DC component of the signal, especially after filtering.
In rectifier circuits, Voutavg depends on waveform shape. An ideal half-wave rectifier driven by a sinusoid
In switching regulators and PWM-controlled converters, Voutavg is often controlled by the duty cycle. For an
Measurement considerations: the calculated average assumes a periodic waveform; for non-periodic signals, a long-time average or