Vltavou

The Vltava, known in German as the Moldau, is the longest river entirely within the Czech Republic. It measures about 430 kilometers in length and drains a basin of roughly 28,000 square kilometers. The river rises in the Bohemian Forest (Šumava) in the southwest and travels generally north and east through the Czech lands.

Its course passes notable towns such as Český Krumlov, České Budějovice, and Prague, where the river flows through the historic center beneath the Charles Bridge. It continues to Mělník, where it joins the Elbe (Labe) and ultimately drains into the North Sea. The Vltava's valley has shaped the development of the regions it traverses, including urban growth, agriculture, and transportation routes.

Hydrology and infrastructure on the Vltava are marked by major engineered works. Lipno Reservoir on the upper course provides hydroelectric power, flood control, and recreation, while the Orlík Dam on the lower river helps regulate flow and generate electricity. Additional smaller hydropower plants and weirs control discharge along the river.

Cultural significance is strong in Czech history and art. The river features prominently in Bedřich Smetana’s symphonic cycle Má vlast, with the movement Vltava (Moldau) depicting the river’s course from source to sea. The Vltava also remains a source of drinking water, supports regional tourism, and continues to be valued for its scenic and recreational appeal. Efforts in recent decades have focused on water quality, ecosystem conservation, and sustainable use.