Vltava

Vltava, known in German as Moldau, is a major river in the Czech Republic. It is the longest river that lies entirely within the country, with a length of about 430 kilometers. The river rises in the Bohemian Forest (Šumava) and flows generally northward through southern and central Bohemia, passing through Prague before joining the Elbe (Labe) at Mělník, where the two rivers form the Elbe’s lower stretch.

Along its course the Vltava collects water from several tributaries, including the Berounka and Sázava, and it drains a landscape characterized by rolling countryside, towns, and historic settlements. The river is regulated by a series of reservoirs and hydroelectric installations, most notably the Orlík and Slapy reservoirs, which provide power, flood protection, and recreational areas.

Historically, the Vltava has played a central role in Czech life and culture. It is celebrated in Bedřich Smetana’s symphonic poem Vltava (Moldau), which traces the river’s path from its springs to the Elbe. The river’s lower stretch near Prague remains navigable for tourist and commercial vessels, while the upper reaches are popular for recreation and conservation. The Vltava has also been affected by floods, including significant flooding in 2002 that impacted Prague and surrounding regions.