Viljakasvit

Viljakasvit, also known as cereal crops or grains, are grasses cultivated for their edible starchy seeds. These seeds, commonly referred to as grains, are a staple food source for a significant portion of the world's population. Key characteristics of viljakasvit include their fibrous root systems, hollow stems, and the production of a fruit called a caryopsis, where the fruit wall is fused with the seed coat.

The most prominent viljakasvit globally include wheat, rice, maize (corn), barley, oats, and rye. Each of these crops has specific growing requirements and nutritional profiles. Wheat is a primary ingredient in bread and pasta, rice is a staple in many Asian and African diets, and maize is widely consumed as food, animal feed, and a source for industrial products.

The cultivation of viljakasvit has a long history, dating back to the Neolithic period, and has been instrumental in the development of settled agricultural societies. They are typically grown in temperate and tropical regions worldwide. The harvesting process involves collecting the mature grains, which are then processed for consumption, often through milling into flour or being consumed whole. Viljakasvit provide essential carbohydrates, protein, and fiber, contributing significantly to global food security and agricultural economies.