Videokapillaroskopia

Videokapillaroskopia is a non-invasive diagnostic technique used to visualize and assess the microcirculation, specifically the capillaries in the nail fold. It employs a specialized microscope connected to a video camera, allowing for real-time observation of capillary structure, blood flow, and any abnormalities. This method is particularly valuable in the early detection and monitoring of various vascular and connective tissue diseases.

The procedure typically involves placing the nail fold of a finger under the microscope. A lubricating gel may be applied to improve image clarity. The video feed is displayed on a monitor, enabling the clinician to observe the capillaries' shape, density, and the movement of red blood cells. Parameters such as capillary diameter, tortuosity (unnatural bending), and the presence of dilated capillaries (ectasia) or dilated blood vessels (angioma) can be evaluated.

Videokapillaroskopia plays a significant role in the diagnosis and management of conditions such as systemic sclerosis, lupus erythematosus, dermatomyositis, and Raynaud's phenomenon. Changes observed in the nail fold capillaries can indicate underlying systemic inflammation or vascular compromise. It can also be used to assess the effectiveness of treatment in these conditions by monitoring changes in microvascular patterns over time. The technique is generally well-tolerated and does not require any special preparation from the patient. Its ability to provide objective, visual data makes it a useful adjunct to other diagnostic tools.