Viasz

Viasz is a broad class of lipophilic, solid or semisolid substances that are hydrophobic and have relatively high melting points. Chemically they are diverse, but commonly consist of long-chain esters, hydrocarbons and long-chain alcohols. They are insoluble in water and dissolve in nonpolar solvents, which gives them wide applicability in coatings, cosmetics and industrial formulations.

Natural waxes include beeswax (méhviasz), and plant-derived waxes such as carnauba wax (carnauba viasz) and kandelilla wax (kandelilla viasz). Other natural examples are rice bran wax and various fruit or leaf waxes. In addition to natural waxes, many waxes are produced synthetically or derived from petroleum, such as paraffin wax and microcrystalline wax. These synthetic and petroleum-derived waxes often offer a broader range of properties and lower cost for industrial use.

Production and properties vary by source. Beeswax is produced by honeybees and collected by beekeepers; plant waxes are extracted from leaves, fruits or seeds; petroleum waxes are byproducts of crude oil refining. Melting points differ widely: beeswax typically melts around 62–65°C, carnauba wax above 80°C, and paraffin/microcrystalline waxes span roughly 46–92°C depending on grade. Waxes are generally non-polar and form protective, water-repellent coatings.

Uses span a broad spectrum: candles and candle wax formulations, cosmetics and skincare ingredients, coatings for fruits, cheeses and other foods, polishes for wood and automobiles, lubricants and mold-release agents, as well as various industrial applications such as paper and textile coatings.

Safety and environmental aspects depend on the source and additives. Most waxes are relatively inert, but impurities or specific additives can affect safety. Beeswax and other natural waxes are renewable when sourced responsibly; petroleum waxes have different environmental considerations.