Ventriklene

Ventriklene refers to the ventricles, the lower chambers of a heart that play a crucial role in pumping blood throughout the circulatory system. In mammals, there are four ventricles: two atrial chambers in the upper portion and the ventricles in the lower portion of the heart. The right ventricle receives deoxygenated blood from the right atrium and sends it to the pulmonary arteries, which transport the blood to the lungs for oxygenation. The left ventricle receives oxygenated blood from the left atrium and ejects it through the aorta to supply the rest of the body.

Each ventricle is composed of a muscular wall known as the myocardium, a fibrous outer covering called the pericardium, and valves that regulate blood flow. The left ventricle is notably thicker and more muscular than the right ventricle because it must generate higher pressure to propel blood through the arterial system. The walls of the ventricles contract in a coordinated rhythm, a process regulated by electrical impulses originating in the sinoatrial node and transmitted through the atrioventricular node and Purkinje fibers.

In addition to their role in the heart, the term ventriklene can also refer to ventricular chambers in the brain, which are cavities that contain cerebrospinal fluid. The human brain contains a system of four interconnected ventricles: the two lateral ventricles, the third ventricle, and the fourth ventricle. These cavities are lined with ependymal cells and are separated by septa and other structures, allowing for regulated communication and drainage of cerebrospinal fluid through the foramina of Munro, Magendie, and Luschka.

Clinically, dysfunctions of the cardiac ventricles are common in conditions such as heart failure, cardiomyopathies, and valve disorders. Ventricular septal defects, characterized by openings in the septum that separates the left and right ventricles, are a congenital anomaly that often requires surgical correction. In the central nervous system, ventricular enlargement can indicate hydrocephalus or other disorders affecting cerebrospinal fluid dynamics. Early diagnosis and treatment can mitigate complications and improve outcomes.