Ventileras

Ventileras are architectural and industrial openings consisting of a series of blades or slats set in a frame to control airflow. They are designed to admit outdoor air while blocking rain, debris, and direct sunlight, and they can be fixed or adjustable. In buildings, ventileras are commonly used on façades, roofs, or mechanical rooms to provide ventilation for HVAC systems, underfloor plenums, or tunnel spaces. In equipment and enclosures, they serve as intake or exhaust openings with screens to prevent intrusion of insects and small objects.

Components and variants include blades or slats, frames, jambs, and optional insect screens; operable variants use manual handles or motorized actuators to adjust blade angle. Installations may be exterior or interior, with horizontal or vertical blade orientation. Materials range from aluminum and steel to stainless steel, wood, and fiberglass.

Types include fixed blade louvers, which provide a constant barrier, and adjustable or operable louvers, which permit variable ventilation. Some louvers incorporate curved blades, integrated sunshades, or acoustic panels to reduce noise.

Ventileras offer advantages such as natural ventilation, reduced mechanical cooling loads, and rain protection when properly designed. They also pose challenges, including potential water ingress under heavy rain or strong winds, air pressure losses, and ongoing maintenance.

Design considerations include climate, rain exposure, wind, and acoustics, as well as standards for moisture control and insect exclusion. Proper sizing, slat angle, and sealing are essential to balance ventilation with environmental protection.