Vejcovodu

Vejcovodu, commonly referred to as the fallopian tube or oviduct, are paired ducts in the female reproductive system that transport eggs from the ovaries to the uterus. In humans they measure roughly 10–12 cm in length and lie within the upper part of the broad ligament near the uterus. Each vejcovodu consists of four regions: fimbriae near the ovary, the infundibulum, the ampulla—the usual site of fertilization—and the isthmus, which opens into the uterine cavity.

The inner lining is composed of ciliated and secretory cells that move the ovum toward the uterus through ciliary beating and peristaltic contractions. After ovulation, the egg is captured by the fimbriae and guided into the infundibulum; fertilization, when it occurs, usually happens in the ampulla. The resulting embryo travels through the tube to reach the uterus for implantation.

Vejcovodu develop from Müllerian ducts during embryogenesis. Clinically, the tubes are involved in ectopic pregnancies when implantation occurs in the tube; tubal infections can lead to hydrosalpinx or infertility; sterilization procedures often involve tubal occlusion. The tubes receive blood supply primarily from branches of the ovarian and uterine arteries and are innervated by autonomic nerves, with lymphatic drainage to regional pelvic nodes. Variations in length and course can occur, but the general organization into fimbriae, infundibulum, ampulla, and isthmus is typical in humans.