Vasveszteségek

Vasveszteségek refers to the losses of iron or ferromagnetic material in electrical devices, particularly transformers and electric motors. These losses are a consequence of the alternating magnetic flux within the iron core that is subjected to a time-varying magnetic field. They manifest as heat and represent a reduction in the efficiency of the device.

There are two primary components of vasveszteségek. The first is hysteresis loss, which occurs due to the continuous magnetization and demagnetization of the ferromagnetic material as the magnetic field direction changes. Energy is required to realign the magnetic domains within the material during each cycle, and this energy is dissipated as heat. The magnitude of hysteresis loss depends on the properties of the magnetic material, the frequency of the alternating flux, and the maximum flux density.

The second component is eddy current loss. When the magnetic flux changes in the conductive iron core, it induces circulating currents within the core itself, according to Faraday's law of induction. These eddy currents flow against the resistance of the iron, generating heat through Joule heating (I²R losses). To minimize eddy current losses, the iron cores of transformers and motors are typically constructed from thin laminations that are insulated from each other. This increases the electrical resistance in the path of the eddy currents, thereby reducing their magnitude.

Both hysteresis and eddy current losses are dependent on the frequency of the applied voltage and the magnetic flux density. They are often grouped together and referred to as core losses or iron losses. Minimizing these vasveszteségek is crucial for improving the energy efficiency and operational performance of electrical machinery.