Varizelleninfektion

Varizelleninfektion, commonly known as chickenpox, is a highly contagious viral infection caused by the varicella-zoster virus (VZV). The primary infection typically occurs in childhood and is characterized by a rash that develops into itchy blisters, which eventually scab over. Before the rash appears, some individuals may experience mild symptoms such as fever, fatigue, and headache. The illness is usually mild and self-limiting, with most people recovering within one to two weeks.

Transmission of VZV occurs through direct contact with the rash or respiratory droplets from an infected person's cough or sneeze. The virus is most contagious from one to two days before the rash appears until all blisters have scabbed over. Complications, though uncommon, can include bacterial skin infections, pneumonia, and encephalitis. Individuals with weakened immune systems are at higher risk for severe illness.

Once infected, a person develops lifelong immunity to chickenpox. However, the varicella-zoster virus can remain dormant in the body and reactivate later in life, causing shingles (herpes zoster), a painful rash that typically appears in a localized area. Vaccination against chickenpox is highly effective in preventing the disease and its complications. The vaccine is part of routine childhood immunization schedules in many countries. Good hygiene practices, such as handwashing, can also help reduce the spread of the virus.