Vaktsine

Vaktsine, often referred to as a vaccine, is a biological preparation that stimulates the immune system to recognize and fight specific pathogens such as viruses or bacteria. Vaccines are designed to prevent infectious diseases and are usually administered before exposure to the disease agent.

They work by introducing antigens or genetic instructions that train the immune system to produce antibodies and memory B and T cells without causing the disease itself.

Vaccines come in several forms, including live attenuated, inactivated, subunit or toxoid, and newer platforms such as mRNA and viral-vector vaccines.

Development involves preclinical research, phased clinical trials, regulatory review, manufacturing, and post-marketing surveillance to monitor safety and effectiveness.

Vaccination programs have reduced the burden of disease and contributed to the eradication of smallpox and the control of diseases such as polio and measles.

Safety considerations include rare adverse events and contraindications in certain individuals; ongoing surveillance and transparent communication help maintain public trust.