Vaihtosähköverkot

Vaihtosähköverkot, or AC power grids, are the backbone of modern electrical power distribution. They utilize alternating current, meaning the direction of the electrical charge flow reverses periodically. This contrasts with direct current (DC) systems where the charge flows in only one direction. The primary advantage of AC is its ability to be easily transformed to different voltage levels using transformers. This allows for efficient transmission of electricity over long distances at high voltages, minimizing energy loss, and then stepping down the voltage to safer levels for domestic and industrial use.

The development of AC power systems is largely credited to Nikola Tesla and George Westinghouse in the late 19th century. Their work, often referred to as the "War of the Currents" against Thomas Edison's DC systems, ultimately led to the widespread adoption of AC. Key components of an AC grid include generators producing the alternating current, transmission lines carrying power over vast areas, substations for voltage transformation, and distribution lines delivering electricity to consumers. The frequency of the alternating current, typically 50 Hz or 60 Hz depending on the region, is a critical parameter for the stable operation of the grid and interconnected devices.