VRMkerfi
VRMkerfi, or voltage regulator module system, is the power-delivery subsystem that regulates a higher supply voltage into the low, stable voltages required by sensitive components such as CPUs and GPUs. In consumer computers, the VRM is typically located on the motherboard near the processor socket; in servers and high-performance graphics cards it may be integrated into the card or provided as a separate module. The main purpose is to maintain core voltages within a narrow tolerance even as processor loads change rapidly.
Typical VRM assemblies use a buck regulator topology with high-side and low-side MOSFETs, an inductor, and output
Performance depends on switching frequency, MOSFET Rds(on), inductor quality, and cooling. VRMs generate heat under load
Usage and significance include high-end desktops, laptops, and data-center equipment. Design considerations cover efficiency, electromagnetic interference,