VPN

A virtual private network (VPN) is a service that creates a secure, encrypted connection over a public network. It extends a private network across a public network, enabling users to send and receive data as if their devices were connected directly to the private network. VPNs are commonly used to protect data in transit and to mask user identity.

Most VPNs operate by establishing a VPN tunnel between the user's device and a VPN server. Traffic is encapsulated and encrypted using protocols such as OpenVPN, IKEv2/IPsec, or WireGuard, and then routed through the VPN server to its destination. This process helps prevent eavesdropping on the data and hides the user’s IP address from websites and services.

Uses include securing communications on public Wi‑Fi, preserving privacy from network surveillance, and accessing content or services that are restricted to certain regions. In corporate settings, remote workers connect to a company network to access internal resources. Some users employ VPNs to bypass censorship, though legal restrictions may apply in some jurisdictions.

VPNs can be deployed as remote access VPNs for individuals or site-to-site VPNs between networks. Consumer VPN services often provide apps for various devices and may offer features such as split tunneling, kill switches, and no-log policies; enterprises typically implement centralized control and auditing.

Security and privacy depend on trusted service providers and proper configuration. Potential issues include logging, weak encryption, DNS leaks, and IP leaks. Users should verify the provider’s privacy policy, jurisdiction, and technical safeguards; consider network performance, legal compliance, and the legality of VPN use in their country.