VPI1

VPI1, or Vascular Permeability Inducer 1, is a protein encoded by the VPI1 gene in humans. It is a member of the C-type lectin family and plays a crucial role in the regulation of vascular permeability. VPI1 is primarily expressed in endothelial cells and is involved in the regulation of the blood-brain barrier, a specialized barrier that controls the exchange of substances between the blood and the brain.

The VPI1 protein is a homotrimer, with each monomer consisting of a C-type lectin-like domain, a transmembrane domain, and a short cytoplasmic tail. The C-type lectin-like domain is responsible for the binding of VPI1 to its ligands, which include hyaluronan and other glycosaminoglycans. This binding is thought to be involved in the regulation of vascular permeability by modulating the interaction between endothelial cells and the extracellular matrix.

VPI1 has been shown to be upregulated in various pathological conditions, including inflammation, cancer, and neurodegenerative diseases. Its expression is regulated by various cytokines and growth factors, and its function is modulated by post-translational modifications. The exact mechanisms by which VPI1 regulates vascular permeability are still not fully understood, but it is thought to be involved in the regulation of tight junction proteins and the actin cytoskeleton.

VPI1 has emerged as a potential therapeutic target for various diseases, including cancer and neurodegenerative diseases. However, more research is needed to fully understand its role and to develop effective therapies.