Urucu

Urucu, also known scientifically as Bixa orellana, is a flowering plant native to tropical regions of the Americas, particularly the Amazon basin. It is widely cultivated for its seeds, which are the source of a natural red-orange dye called annatto. This dye has been used for centuries by indigenous peoples for body paint, cosmetic purposes, and as a food coloring. The plant itself is a shrub or small tree, typically reaching heights of 2 to 5 meters. It produces heart-shaped leaves and clusters of spiny capsules that contain the seeds. When ripe, these capsules split open to reveal the seeds coated in a reddish pulp.

The annatto dye derived from urucu seeds is a significant commercial product. It is used extensively in the food industry as a natural coloring agent for cheeses, butter, margarine, snacks, and baked goods. Its use is favored by consumers seeking alternatives to artificial colorants. Beyond food, annatto finds applications in cosmetics, textiles, and even in some traditional medicinal practices. The extraction process typically involves soaking the seeds in water or oil to release the pigment. While annatto is primarily known for its color, the seeds also contain compounds with antioxidant properties. The cultivation of urucu is economically important in countries like Brazil, Peru, and Ecuador, contributing to local economies and the global market for natural colorants.