Urologisk

Urologisk refers to urology in Swedish and other Scandinavian languages. It denotes matters related to the medical specialty that studies and treats diseases of the urinary tract in both men and women, as well as the male reproductive organs. The term is used to describe clinical practice, diagnoses, conditions, and interventions belonging to urology.

Urology covers diseases of the kidneys, ureters, bladder, urethra, and the male reproductive system including the testes, epididymis, vas deferens, prostate, and penis. Common problems include urinary tract infections, kidney stones, incontinence and overactive bladder, hematuria, and urinary retention; prostate diseases such as benign prostatic hyperplasia and prostatitis; erectile dysfunction; infertility; testicular torsion or tumors. Urological cancers include bladder, kidney, and prostate cancer. Pediatric urology is a subspecialty addressing congenital anomalies and other conditions in children.

Diagnosis and treatment: Evaluation uses history, physical examination, urinalysis, blood tests, imaging (ultrasound, CT, MRI), endoscopic procedures such as cystoscopy, and urodynamic studies. Treatments range from medications to surgical interventions. Techniques include minimally invasive approaches (laparoscopic and robotic-assisted surgery), endourology, lithotripsy, and prosthetic devices. Collaboration with nephrology, oncology, gynecology, and endocrinology is common.

Training and history: Urology developed as a distinct medical specialty in the late 19th and early 20th centuries. Urologists undertake medical degrees followed by residency training and board certification. The field continues to evolve with advances in imaging, minimally invasive techniques, and uro-oncology research.

In health systems, urology departments focus on diagnosis, treatment, and follow-up of urinary tract and male reproductive diseases, and they play a key role in cancer care, fertility preservation, and management of lower urinary tract symptoms.