Unterernährung

Unterernährung, also known as malnutrition or undernutrition, refers to a condition where the body does not receive enough nutrients for proper growth, function, and health. This can occur due to insufficient intake of calories, protein, vitamins, or minerals. Unterernährung can manifest in various forms, including wasting, stunting, and deficiencies of specific micronutrients. Wasting is characterized by low weight-for-height, indicating recent and severe weight loss. Stunting is defined by low height-for-age, reflecting chronic or recurrent undernutrition. Micronutrient deficiencies, such as iron deficiency anemia or vitamin A deficiency, can have significant long-term health consequences, even if calorie intake is adequate.

The causes of unterernährung are multifaceted and often interconnected. They can include poverty, food insecurity, inadequate access to healthcare, poor sanitation, and lack of education regarding proper nutrition. Inadequate breastfeeding practices and insufficient access to a diverse diet, especially during critical developmental periods like pregnancy and early childhood, are significant contributing factors. Illnesses that affect nutrient absorption or increase nutrient requirements can also lead to or exacerbate unterernährung.

The consequences of unterernährung are far-reaching. In children, it can impair physical and cognitive development, leading to reduced educational attainment and lifelong health problems. Adults suffering from unterernährung may experience weakened immune systems, reduced productivity, and increased susceptibility to diseases. Globally, unterernährung remains a significant public health challenge, particularly in low- and middle-income countries, requiring comprehensive interventions focused on improving food security, healthcare access, and nutritional education.