Umbrians

The Umbrians are the people associated with Umbria, a landlocked region in central Italy, and, in historical terms, the Italic population that inhabited the area before extensive Roman influence. Today, the term often refers to the inhabitants of Umbria and to the regional cultural identity that persists there.

Geography and population

Umbria lies between Tuscany, Marche, and Lazio. Its major cities include Perugia, Assisi, Spoleto, Orvieto, Foligno, and Terni. The modern Umbrian population is Italian-speaking, with regional dialects reflecting the broader Central Italian linguistic landscape. The region is known for its hilly landscape, medieval towns, agricultural activity, and a robust tourism sector centered on history, art, and cuisine.

Ancient history and language

In antiquity, Umbrians inhabited central Italy, occupying territories around the Tiber valley and neighboring regions. They spoke the Umbrian language, an extinct Italic tongue related to Oscan within the Osco-Umbrian group. The Iguvian Tablets and other inscriptions preserve aspects of their language and culture. Over time, Roman expansion led to Romanization, and Umbrian communities became integrated into the Roman state and later successor polities.

Modern culture and identity

Contemporary Umbrians identify with the Umbrian cultural heritage expressed through regional traditions, religious festivals, cuisine, and architecture, notably the art and monuments of Perugia, Assisi, and other hill towns. While Italian is the dominant language, regional customs and landscapes continue to shape a distinct Umbrian identity within Italy.