Perugia

Perugia is a city and comune in central Italy, serving as the capital of the Umbria region and the province of Perugia. It is situated on a hill overlooking the Tiber River valley, with a historic center characterized by steep medieval streets, terraced squares, and a skyline dominated by towers and churches.

The city has a long history dating to the Etruscan period and developed as a major medieval comune and later a papal stronghold. Notable historic sites include the Rocca Paolina, a fortress erected in 1540 under Pope Paul III, which stands within the city and reflects past political authority. The Palazzo dei Priori, begun in the 13th century, houses the Galleria Nazionale dell'Umbria and the municipal government. In Piazza IV Novembre stands the Fontana Maggiore, an emblematic late medieval fountain decorated with intricate marble and stone work.

Perugia is renowned as a university town. The University of Perugia, founded in 1308, is among the oldest in Italy and maintains a robust presence in the city. The Università per Stranieri di Perugia, established in 1925, specializes in teaching Italian language and culture to international students. The historic center also features significant religious structures, including the Cattedrale di San Lorenzo and the Basilica di San Domenico.

Culturally, Perugia hosts major events such as the Eurochocolate festival and the Umbria Jazz festival, attracting visitors from across Italy and beyond. The economy combines education, tourism, and food manufacturing, notably the Perugina chocolate brand. The city is connected by rail and is served by the Perugia San Francesco d'Assisi – Umbria International Airport (PEG). Perugia continues to function as the administrative and cultural heart of Umbria, with a population around 170,000.