Ultrafialové

Ultrafialové, often abbreviated as UV, refers to electromagnetic radiation with wavelengths shorter than visible light but longer than X-rays. Its spectrum typically ranges from 10 nanometers to 400 nanometers. UV radiation is a natural component of sunlight and plays a crucial role in various natural processes, such as the production of vitamin D in humans.

The ultraviolet spectrum is commonly divided into three sub-regions: UV-A (400-315 nm), UV-B (315-280 nm), and UV-C (280-100 nm). UV-C is the most energetic and is largely absorbed by the Earth's ozone layer, preventing it from reaching the surface. UV-B is partially absorbed, while UV-A penetrates the atmosphere more readily.

Excessive exposure to UV radiation, particularly UV-B, can cause sunburn and increase the risk of skin cancer. It can also contribute to premature aging of the skin and damage to the eyes, such as cataracts. However, controlled exposure to UV radiation has beneficial applications, including sterilization due to its germicidal properties and in phototherapy for certain skin conditions. Artificial sources of UV light are used in tanning beds, fluorescent lamps, and industrial processes.