Tööstustsükkel

Tööstustsükkel refers to the cyclical fluctuations in economic activity that an economy experiences over time. It is characterized by periods of expansion and contraction, also known as booms and recessions. These cycles are not regular in their timing or duration but are a recurring feature of market economies.

The typical stages of an industrial cycle include expansion, peak, contraction, and trough. During the expansion phase, economic indicators such as employment, production, and consumer spending tend to rise. This period is often marked by increased investment and business confidence.

The peak represents the highest point of economic activity in the cycle, after which a slowdown begins. The contraction, or recession, is characterized by a decline in economic activity, leading to rising unemployment, falling production, and decreased consumer demand.

The trough is the lowest point of the economic contraction, after which the economy begins to recover and re-enter an expansionary phase. Several factors can influence the industrial cycle, including changes in monetary and fiscal policy, technological advancements, and shifts in consumer and business confidence. Economists study these cycles to understand economic trends and to inform policy decisions aimed at moderating their effects.